Communication and
Social Robotics Labs

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Lab Measures

Social Distance Scale

A Common Social Distance Scale for
​Robots and Humans

For Scoring and Scale Properties see: 
J. Banks and A. Edwards, “A Common Social Distance Scale for Robots and Humans,” 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), New Delhi, India, 2019, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956316.

Interpersonal Impressions

COMBOTLABs employs a core battery of validated measurement instruments collectively referred to as the Interpersonal Impressions scales. These tools allow researchers to systematically assess the perceptions individuals form of others across a range of social and communicative contexts, including interactions involving humans, robots, and AI agents.

  • Credibility (McCroskey & Teven, 1999) — measures perceptions of a communicator’s competence, caring, and trustworthiness
  • Interpersonal Attraction (McCroskey & McCain, 1974) — assesses social, task, and physical dimensions of attraction toward an interactant
  • Social Presence — captures the degree to which a communicator is perceived as a real, salient presence in an interaction


A research collaborative between faculty in the School of Communication at Western Michigan University and faculty in the Nicholson School of Communication at the University of Central Florida

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